质子交换膜燃料电池
氧还原反应
催化作用
铂金
纳米技术
材料科学
金属
纳米结构
化学工程
燃料电池
氧还原
纳米颗粒
纳米材料基催化剂
化学
工程类
冶金
物理化学
有机化学
电化学
电极
作者
Xiaoqian Wang,Zhijun Li,Yunteng Qu,Tongwei Yuan,Wenyu Wang,Yuen Wu,Yadong Li
出处
期刊:Chem
[Elsevier]
日期:2019-06-01
卷期号:5 (6): 1486-1511
被引量:512
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.chempr.2019.03.002
摘要
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are now of great interest because of zero emission and high efficiency. Current PEMFCs require an unaffordable amount of Pt-based catalysts to overcome the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reation (ORR) on cathodes, hampering the widespread adoption of PEMFCs. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to achieving higher catalytic activity with less Pt usage by nanoscale engineering. Substituting Pt with cheaper metals may be also a feasible solution but suffers from low intrinsic activity. Recently, single-atom catalysts (SACs), which possess the highest metal utilization and excellent activity because of the minimum size of metal and unique coordination structure, have been regarded as potential alternatives. Here, we review the development of Pt- and nonprecious-metal-based ORR nanocatalysts and summarize recent achievements in SACs for the ORR. At last, a brief perspective on the remaining challenges and future directions of SACs for the ORR is presented. Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts have been unanimously considered the most efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Unfortunately, the exorbitant cost of Pt hampers the widespread adoption and development of PEMFCs. Scientists have devoted tremendous efforts to achieving higher catalytic activity with less Pt usage by constructing delicate nanostructures. Substituting Pt with cheaper metals may be a feasible solution but suffers from a relatively low intrinsic activity. Recently, single-atom catalysts (SACs), which possess the highest metal utilization and excellent activity because of the minimum size of metal and unique coordination structure, are developing rapidly and have been regarded as a potential alternative to Pt-based materials. Here, we review the development of conventional Pt- and nonprecious-metal-based ORR catalysts and summarize recent achievement in SACs for the ORR. A brief perspective on the remaining challenges and future directions of SACs is also presented. Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts have been unanimously considered the most efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Unfortunately, the exorbitant cost of Pt hampers the widespread adoption and development of PEMFCs. Scientists have devoted tremendous efforts to achieving higher catalytic activity with less Pt usage by constructing delicate nanostructures. Substituting Pt with cheaper metals may be a feasible solution but suffers from a relatively low intrinsic activity. Recently, single-atom catalysts (SACs), which possess the highest metal utilization and excellent activity because of the minimum size of metal and unique coordination structure, are developing rapidly and have been regarded as a potential alternative to Pt-based materials. Here, we review the development of conventional Pt- and nonprecious-metal-based ORR catalysts and summarize recent achievement in SACs for the ORR. A brief perspective on the remaining challenges and future directions of SACs is also presented.
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