Microalgae as rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Microalgae are rich source of poly unsaturated fatty acids and therefore, extraction and purification of poly unsaturated fatty acids from algal strains are emerging steeply to nourish the nutritional needs of the population. Recently, various cost-effective and efficient approaches are being explored to increase the poly unsaturated fatty acids yield in algae. In this juncture, this article attempted to connect extraction of lipid using different methods, and accumulation of lipid under various stress conditions, and accumulation of poly unsaturated fatty acids under various stress conditions. Initially, extraction of lipid from various algal strains using different techniques was discussed in detail. Then, accumulation of lipid in microalgae under the influence of various stimuli has been critically flagged, in order to enable researchers to choose an optimal lipid induction condition for food and fuel production. Later, impact of various factors or culture condition on the poly unsaturated fatty acids accumulation in algae has been extensively assessed and presented in the perspective of increasing its production for food supplement. Finally, recent literature pertaining to the lipid and poly unsaturated fatty acids production in microalgae is reviewed, and summarized.