In recent years, self-healing materials have attracted more and more attention due to their ability to repair small cracks and scratches in a small range, and the wide range of applications of polymers, including military equipment, electronic products, aircraft, automobile, building materials, etc. The self-healing polymer is mainly based on microcapsule technology. This paper focuses on the self-healing mechanism of self-healing polymers and the chemical methods and chemical essence involved in the process of self-healing, focusing on the latest research progress of self-healing polymers. At the same time, the development prospect of self-healing polymers is prospected..