Dual additives (lithium nitrate, lithium difluoro(bisoxalato)phosphate) to improve the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode coupled with ultra-thin lithium metal anode

Ni-rich layered oxide cathode (Ni> 80%) and lithium metal anode are strong candidates for high energy density batteries.However, the commercialization is limited due to the morphological instability of the Ni-rich cathode, low coulombic efficiency of lithium metal, and vertical growth of dendrites.Herein, we minimize the distance between the cathode and the anode to increase limit current density and add a dual additive to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the anode and cathode surface.Concentrated ether-based electrolytes containing lithium nitrate (LiNO3) and lithium difluoro (bisoxalato) phosphate (LiDFBP) improves the capacity retention (80%) in a 20 μm Li|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2full cell, with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% after 245 cycles at 0.9 C rate.This paper, which improves the battery performance through optimization of cell structure (distance between electrodes) and stabilization of the interface, is expected to help in various lithium metal battery research in the future.