STING–NF-κB signaling builds an influenza spillover barrier

) was crucial for IAV restriction. Some IAVs have evolved to evade activating human STING by mutating residue 115 in their matrix protein 1 (M1), which is essential for efficient viral replication in human respiratory cells. This barrier against the zoonotic threat of IAVs provides a tool for future investigations into the biological functions of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monosphosphate (cGMP-AMP) synthase (cGAS)-STING-NF-κB signaling pathway.