A Review of the Impact of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) on Oral Health

In recent years, green tea (Camellia sinensis) has garnered significant attention for its potential health benefits, including its benefits for oral hygiene. Green tea contains several bioactive components, including catechins, polyphenols, and fluoride, which contribute to its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This review examines the bioactive components of green tea, specifically catechins, polyphenols, and fluoride, which possess numerous biological effects, including oral health benefits. As a result of its ability to neutralize volatile sulfur compounds, green tea inhibits the growth of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, reduces plaque development, and inhibits the development of halitosis. Recent evidence suggests that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has significant potential for oral health benefits. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory effects help reduce gingival inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby easing the symptoms of periodontal disease. Numerous studies have shown that EGCG inhibits the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma through mechanisms that include the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in cancer cells, as well as the inhibition of tumor invasion. This review discusses the potential mechanisms by which green tea promotes oral health and its therapeutic applications in dentistry. The literature review suggests that green tea may have potential as an adjunctive therapy for preventing and managing dental complications. However, more comprehensive pre-clinical and clinical studies are necessary to validate its efficacy. Furthermore, factors such as individual variability, patients' oral health conditions, long-term outcomes, and alterations in the oral microbiome require thorough investigation.