A Scalable Automatic Model Generation Tool for Cyber-Physical Network Topologies and Dataflows for Large-Scale Synthetic Power Grid Models

Power grids and their cyber infrastructure are classified as Critical Energy Infrastructure/Information (CEII) and are not publicly accessible. While realistic synthetic test cases for power systems have been developed in recent years, they often lack corresponding cyber network models. This work extends synthetic grid models by incorporating cyber-physical representations. To address the growing need for realistic and scalable models that integrate both cyber and physical layers in electric power systems, this article presents the Scalable Automatic Model Generation Tool (SAM-GT). This tool creates large-scale cyber-physical topologies for power system models. The resulting cyber-physical network models include power system switches, routers, and firewalls while accounting for dataflows and industrial communication protocols. Case studies demonstrate the tool’s application to synthetic grid models of 500, 2,000, and 10,000 buses, considering three distinct network topologies. Results from these case studies include network metrics on critical nodes, hops, and generation times, showcasing SAM-GT ’s effectiveness, adaptability, and scalability.