The Association Between the Severity of Trachomatous Scarring and Trachomatous Trichiasis Severity in Surgical Patients in Tanzania

Purpose To determine the association between the severity of trachomatous conjunctival scarring (TS) of the upper eyelid conjunctiva and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) severity in TT surgical patients.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst adults with TT who were referred to surgical camps in Bahi District, Tanzania, for TT surgery. Participants underwent ocular examination. The presence and severity of TS was evaluated in photographs of the everted upper eyelid. TT severity was assessed at the time of the ocular exam based on the number of lashes touching the globe and/or evidence and extent of epilation. Ordinal logistic models were used to examine the association between the severity of TS and TT severity.Results A total of 627 eyes of 388 participants were included. Mean age was 65 years (ranging from 21–98), 81% were females, and 62% had bilateral TT. 93% of eyes with any TT had at least moderate TS; 62% of eyes had severe TS. An increase in TS severity was associated with an increase in the severity of TT. Using as a reference eyes with none to mild TS, in eyes with moderate TS the odds of increased severity of TT was 1.30 (95% CI 0.67–2.51), in eyes with severe TS the odds was 4.20 (95% CI 2.23–7.92).Conclusion In cases of trachomatous trichiasis presenting for surgery, the severity of TT was significantly associated with the severity of TS with almost all cases of TT having moderate or severe scarring.