Intravesical chemotherapy combination treatments for BCG-unresponsive nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer

Recent evidence on intravesical chemotherapy combination treatment for U-BCG NMIBC is mostly based on retrospective studies, especially those investigating gemcitabine/docetaxel. However, some studies are currently investigating the combination of more than two chemotherapy agents. Overall, studies show good short-term efficacy, acceptable rates of disease progression, and tolerability in patients with U-BCG NMIBC. Nevertheless, prospective studies will be needed to support the widespread use of new BSTs as valid alternatives to RC in patients who failed BCG.