Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of Eruca sativa (Rocket Salad) Exhibiting Dual Cardioprotective and Antiplatelet Activities

Eruca sativa (rocket salad; arugula) is a well-known edible plant commonly used in salads and as a topping for pizza and pasta. In this study, one new cyclic thiocarbamate (1) and four new kaempferol glycosides (2-5), along with 15 known compounds (6-20), were isolated from leaves of E. sativa using chromatographic methods. The structures of all compounds were elucidated based on their HR-ESI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR, and 2D NMR data. All isolates were evaluated for their cardioprotective and antiplatelet activities. Among them, compound 2 exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity in a DPPH assay. Further investigation revealed that compound 2 significantly reduced cellular ROS levels in H9c2 cardiomyocytes under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions and effectively decreased apoptotic cell death in H9c2 cells, as determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Additionally, compound 2 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of CRP-induced platelet aggregation in human washed platelets, suggesting its potential as a dual-functional candidate for cardiovascular protection.