Solution-Free Growth of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Films Using a Fast and Scalable Close Space Sublimation Method

The all-inorganic metal halide perovskite CsPbBr 3 is a well-known semiconductor which attracts attention from many researchers in the field of optoelectronics. Although CsPbBr 3 in the form of single crystals offers the best charge transport properties, their high cost of fabrication makes them less suitable for large-scale applications. Polycrystalline films, on the other hand, can fill this market gap, and numerous solution- and vapor-based techniques exist to produce them. However, no superior solution has been found yet, and we propose the less explored close space sublimation (CSS), a fast and scalable physical vapor deposition technique, as a viable processing technique for manufacturing CsPbBr 3 films. We show the fabrication of high-quality single-phase CsPbBr 3 films with homogeneous film thicknesses over an area of 3.14 cm 2 . By optimizing the deposition temperature, a growth rate of 10 μm/min can be reached with a material utilization of up to 98%. In addition, the necessary CsPbBr 3 source material is synthesized via ball milling; hence, the whole process is solvent-free. This work aims at rationalizing the CSS process and offering a comprehensive study of the impact of the deposition conditions on the growth of CsPbBr 3 .