Three‐dimensional changes and influencing factors of tent space following osteotome sinus floor elevation without grafting: A 48‐month retrospective radiographic study

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the three-dimensional stability and morphologic changes of tent space after the osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) procedures without bone grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six implants placed using the OSFE technique with simultaneous implant placement without bone grafts were included in this retrospective study. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the augmented sinuses were obtained pre- and postoperatively up to 48 months of follow-up. The maxillary sinus cavity profiles were outlined using three-dimensional virtual reconstruction and superimposition of CBCT scans. The three-dimensional changes in the tent space were measured. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to explore potential factors. RESULTS: after 48 months, while the mean percentage of remaining tent space volume decreased to 29.1 ± 20.7%. The tent space volume and the percentage of residual tent space volume only decreased significantly within 12 months after surgery (p = .008, .013). GEE results indicated positive correlations between the percentage of remaining tent space volume and implant protrusion length (p = .000) and apical height (p = .000), with a negative correlation between the sinus floor area immediately after surgery (p = .002) and the healing time (p = .022). CONCLUSIONS: The volume of the tent space rapidly shrank after OSFE without bone grafts. Several factors might influence the tent space stability. Long-term clinical trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to further validate the results.