Recent advances in DNA-assembled plasmonic nanoarchitectures for biomedical applications

DNA nanotechnology is driven by the precision and programmable properties of DNA, which serves as a reliable template to guide the self-assembly of various materials, such as metal nanoparticles and polymers. By integrating DNA nanotechnology into the synthesis of plasmonic nanomaterials, unprecedented precision in structural control is achieved, facilitating the fabrication of pre-designed nanostructures with modulated optical functionalities. In this comprehensive review, we explore various synthesis techniques (e.g., DNA linker-based assembly, DNA origami-based organization, and DNA-mediated growth), focusing on advanced DNA-assembled plasmonic nanoarchitecture (DAPNA). The article highlights the applications of DAPNA in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based biosensors for diagnostic purposes. The review not only addresses the limitations and solutions in DAPNA manufacturing technology but also explores potential applications in biosensing, tissue engineering, gene editing, immunotherapy, and other emerging fields.