Methylene Blue/Carbon Dots Composite with Photothermal and Photodynamic Properties: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Application

Abstract Photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy provide new ways to combat antibiotic resistance. In this research, methylene blue (MB) as an effective photosensitizer was conjugated with carbon quantum dots (CQDs), the composite product not only possessed good antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) due to excellent singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) production rate and light heat transfer performance, but also showed good biocompatibility. Combined with 808 nm and 660 nm laser irradiation, the minimum bactericidal concentration of CQDs‐MB towards S. aureus and E. coli was 5 μ m . Therefore, this study provides a potential candidate material based on CQDs for clinical applications.