Enhancing seed germination and growth parameters of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea, variety Botrytis) using plasma-activated water

Abstract The effects of plasma-activated water (PAW), generated through atmospheric pressure air gliding arc discharge, on the germination and growth parameters of cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea , variety Botrytis ) seeds have been investigated. Results demonstrate significant influences of PAW on seed germination characteristics and seedling growth parameters. Increasing the exposure time of seeds to plasma from 0 to 20 min leads to a notable increment in the water uptake rate, ranging from approximately 94.0% to 115.0%. Furthermore, the physio-chemical characteristics of PAW are examined, revealing its transformation into acidic solutions, accompanied by rising electrical conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, total dissolved solids, and nitrate and nitrite concentrations with longer treatment times. Notably, applying PAW for 10–15 min results in higher seed germination and seedling growth. Comparative experiments involving PAW and control water demonstrate enhanced germination, increased root and shoot lengths, and elevated chlorophyll content. However, prolonged exposure to PAW shows adverse effects. Cauliflower plants treated with 10 min and 15 min of PAW exhibit the highest chlorophyll concentration, root and shoot lengths. These findings underscore the potential of PAW to improve seed germination and plant growth, emphasizing the importance of adjusting the plasma treatment period for each specific seed.