D-shape Fiber Structure-Based SPR Sensor

This chapter presents finite element models of D-type photonic crystal fiber performance for SPR-based refractive index sensing. Hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) linking SPPs increases SPR sensor sensitivity. HMM and 2D materials improve biosensor detection sensitivity. G/HMM/D-POF SPR sensors use graphene monolayers with D-shaped plastic optic fibers. An optical fiber SPR biosensor was created using a 3D AuAl2O3 HMM composite structure and graphene. A rigorous theoretical and practical study found that adjusting the number of Au layers in the HMM system can tune the SPR resonance peak position in the visible to near-infrared region. A graphene-coated D-shaped PCF plasmonic sensor is proposed. The sensor has various structural and material properties that have been fine-tuned. Plasmonic fiber optic biosensors combine nanomaterial sensitivity with optical fiber flexibility and compactness to detect biological species like cells, proteins, and DNA. Plasmonic fiber optic biosensors can change clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, food process control, sickness monitoring, and environmental monitoring due to their small size, precision, low cost, and remote and distributed sensing. Graphene stacks biomolecules and prevents metals like silver from oxidizing. Researchers employed full vector FEM to model a silver-graphene PCF-SPR refractive index sensor. A D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor detects changes in liquid analytes' refractive index using the finite element method (FEM). Silver plasmonic metal improves the SPR-PCF sensor covered with graphene. Silver-graphene dielectric materials prevent active plasma material from oxidizing. This D-shaped PCF-SPR sensor is easy to make, sensitive, cheap, and reusable.