Navigating Dry Eye Research: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Clinical Trials, Patents, and Recent Advancements

Background: Millions of people worldwide suffer from dry eye disease. Dry eye, a multifunctional condition of the ocular surface, typically occurs in conjunction with an unbalanced tear film. With increasing age, the dry eye problem becomes worse. Aqueous-deficit dry eye and evaporative dry eye are the two traditional classifications for dry eye. Various examination tools are used to diagnose dry eye. Clinical trials are conducted in four phases to check the safety and efficacy of drugs. The quick clearance from the precorneal space is ensured by the eye's advanced defense mechanism. It restricts the integrated medicine's entry into the eyes, resulting in a usually low bioavailability for topical eyedrops. In this study, we focus on recently developed formulations for curing dry eye. Objective: This review's goal was to outline the etiology, clinical discovery and development, patents, and recent advancements for dry eye disease. Results: The current study has described the widespread incidence of dry eye, which was found to be more common as people aged and recently developed formulations are treating dry eyes. According to research, novel formulations are enhancing ocular drug delivery. Conclusion: In this review, etiology, clinical data, dry eye formulation patents, and recent advancements are all included.