Binocular treatment of amblyopia: current state and recent advances

Purpose of review To provide an overview of research from recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on novel binocular treatments for amblyopia, inherently designed to force binocular integration by simultaneous dichoptic stimulation. Second, to present an update on the most recent research. Recent findings In recent years, binocular treatments as either standalone or adjunct first-line therapies for amblyopia have been gaining acceptance, particularly for older patients and those who are either resistant to or noncompliant with traditional penalization therapy. The findings from a growing body of high-level clinical evidence are highlighted. Summary Clinically significant improvements in visual acuity and stereopsis can be achieved with binocular therapy. Several of these therapies are commercially available and have consistently shown noninferiority over standard patching treatment or full-time refractive correction. The data suggest binocular treatments should be considered as standalone or adjunct first-line therapy. However, more research is necessary to support some reports of superiority and long-term stability of gains, and to establish specific clinical recommendations with consideration of patient's age and amblyopia etiology.