Graphene-based advanced materials for energy storage and conversion systems: Progress, challenges, and commercial future

Owing to the unique two-dimensional (2D) planar structure, graphene has demonstrated excellent mechanical, electrical, chemical and thermal superiorities, which shows great potential in energy storage and conversion applications. Herien, the lastest progresses of graphene-based composites in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), fuel cells, and solar cells are systematically reviewed. This review aims to elucidate structure-properties relationship and designing/synthetic strategies of graphene-based materials when utilized as electrode/additives in LIBs, modifier/catalysts in fuel cells, and electrode/transport layer/active layer materials in solar cells. Additionally, the facing challenges and superior values of the practical applications of graphene-based materials are also highlighted, which would pave novel avenues for their huge commercial future in renewable energy conversion and storage systems. • An overview of the superiorities and challenges of graphene-based materials in LIBs, fuel cells, and solar cells. • Analysis of the cutting-edge research progress and practical application superiorities/drawbacks of graphene-based materials. • In-depth discussion on the designing strategies for graphene-based materials in LIBs, fuel cells and solar cells.