Nanoflower-Mediated Gallium-Protoporphyrin IX Complex for Intracellular Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Effects in Macrophage-Targeted Therapy

experiments show that PG3M@GaPP outperforms both free GaPP and commercial antibiotics in eliminating intracellular bacteria. These nanoflowers offers an alternative, nonantibiotic approach to combat intracellular infections, addressing drug resistance and providing a promising platform for antibacterial therapies.