Biomarker guided immunomodulatory precision medicine to improve prognostic, predictive and adaptive enrichment strategies in sepsis trials

Inconclusive sepsis trial outcomes highlight the need for strategic protocol design, patient stratification, and biomarker-guided immunomodulatory therapies. Future advancements should focus on real-time biomarker monitoring, personalized treatment, and point-of-care diagnostics to optimize therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes.