Association of serum N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid, trimethylamine N-oxide, and trimethyllysine levels with gestational diabetes mellitus

Elevated serum levels of TMAVA, TMAO, and TML were significantly associated with the occurrence of GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The combined detection of these three biomarkers demonstrated superior accuracy in predicting GDM. Among them, TMAVA demonstrated the highest predictive efficiency for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM. These findings provide new biomarkers for early screening and risk assessment of GDM, offering promising applications in clinical practice.