Aminosilane Molecular Layer Enables Successive Capture-Diffusion-Deposition of Ions toward Reversible Zinc Electrochemistry

The aqueous zinc (Zn) battery is a safe and eco-friendly energy-storage system. However, the use of Zn metal anodes is impeded by uncontrolled Zn deposition behavior. Herein, we regulate the Zn-ion deposition process for dendrite-free Zn metal anodes using an aminosilane molecular layer with high zincophilic sites and narrow molecule channels. The aminosilane molecular layer causes Zn ions to undergo consecutive processes including being captured by the amine functional groups of aminosilane and diffusing through narrow intermolecular channels before electroplating, which induces partial dehydration of hydrated Zn ions and uniform Zn ion flux, promoting reversible Zn stripping/plating. Through this molecule-induced capture-diffusion-deposition procedure of Zn ions, smooth and compact Zn electrodeposited layers are obtained. Hence, the aminosilane-modified Zn anode has high Coulombic efficiency (∼99.5%), long lifespan (∼3000 h), and high capacity retention in full cells (88.4% for 600 cycles). This strategy not only has great potential for achieving dendrite-free Zn anodes in practical Zn batteries but also suggests an interface-modification principle at the molecular level for other alternative metallic anodes.