Calcium ion coordinated dexamethasone supramolecular hydrogel as therapeutic alternative for control of non-infectious uveitis

Supramolecular hydrogels formed by the self-assembly of therapeutic agents have received considerable attention due to their high drug payload and carrier-free features. Herein, we constructed a dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex) supramolecular hydrogel in combination with Dex and calcium ion (Ca2+) and further demonstrated its therapeutic efficacy in the control of ocular inflammation. The developed supramolecular hydrogel was thoroughly characterized by rheology, TEM, FTIR and XRD. Calcium ions and Dex concentration had a marked influence on the sol-gel transition behaviour of hydrogel and the proposed Dex supramolecular hydrogel displayed thixotropic properties. The drug release rate from Dex supramolecular hydrogel was dependent on the Ca2+ concentration. In comparison with Dex aqueous solution, single intravitreal injections of Dex supramolecular hydrogel up to 30μg/eye were well tolerated without causing undesirable complications of fundus blood vessel tortuosity and lens opacity, as indicated by electroretinograms (ERGs), fundus photography and histopathology. Moreover, the administration by Dex supramolecular hydrogel exhibited a comparable anti-inflammatory efficacy to native Dex solution on an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model induced in Lewis rats with IRBP peptide and the therapeutic efficacy had in a dosage-dependent manner. Histological observation and cytokines measurements indicated that both Dex solution and Dex supramolecular hydrogel (30μg/eye) treatment could significantly attenuate the inflammatory response in both anterior and posterior chambers via the downregulation of Th1 and Th17 effector responses. All these data suggested that the developed Dex supramolecular hydrogel might be a therapeutic alternative for non-infectious uveitis with minimal risk of the induction of lens opacity and fundus blood vessel tortuosity.A facile ionic cross-linking strategy was exploited to construct a dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex) supramolecular hydrogel composed of Dex and calcium ion. Intravitreal injection of Dex hydrogel displayed excellent intraocular biocompatibility without causing the complications of fundus blood vessel tortuosity and lens opacity. More importantly, the proposed Dex hydrogel exhibited a comparative anti-inflammatory response to native Dex formulation on an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model via the downregulation of Th1 and Th17 effector responses.