Catalyst Efficacy of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts in the Direct Arylation of Common Heterocycles

The direct arylation of several common heterocycles, using homogeneous and heterogeneous palladium (pre)catalysts, has been examined by initial rate analysis. The study reveals that apparently distinct palladium catalysts can display similar activities in such transformations, implying formation of a comparable active palladium catalyst phase. A substrate dependence was noted for the palladium catalysts examined.