BACKGROUNDAIM: The study investigated the effect of tributyltin(TBT)on the activities of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)in brain of rats.The possible relationship between AChE and the toxicity of TBT was discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 48SD rats were divided randomly into4groups,12rats in each group.Experimental groups received0.1,1or10mg/kg TBT by oral gavage and same volume olive oil was given to control group(0mg/kg TBT).The brain tissues were obtained from4rats in each group at the4th,8th and12th day and the AChE activities were measured. RESULTS: TBT exposure could lead to AChE activity elevation in rat brains,and in a dose_related and time_depending manner. CONCLUSION: The increase of AChE activity could possibly be related to the neurotoxicity of TBT.