Measurement of Oncostatin M, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, and Interleukin-11 Levels in Serum, Saliva, and Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontal Diseases

Objective: This study aimed to determine oncostatin M (OSM), interleukin-11 (IL-11), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum in periodontally healthy individuals and those with gingivitis (G) and chronic periodontitis (CP) before and after periodontal treatment and to evaluate the relationship between these cytokine levels and clinical periodontal parameters. Materials and Methods: This study involved 24 patients with healthy (H) periodontal tissues, 24 patients with G, and 24 patients with CP. Initially, GCF, saliva, and serum samples were collected, and clinical periodontal measurements, including the plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment levels, were recorded. At 8 weeks after the initial periodontal treatment, the abovementioned parameters were recorded in the G and CP groups. Cytokine levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: OSM levels in the GCF, saliva, and serum were significantly higher in the CP group (p<0.05) than in other groups. LIF levels in GCF exhibited a significant increase (p<0.05) in the CP group; however, no significant difference was found in the serum and saliva LIF levels among groups (p0.05). IL-11 levels were significantly higher in the CP group (p<0.05) than in other groups, but no significant difference was noted in the serum IL-11 levels among the groups (p0.05). Similarly, saliva IL-11 levels were significantly higher in the CP group than in the H group (p<0.05), but they did not show significant difference between the CP and G groups (p0.05). Comparative analysis of GCF, saliva OSM, and IL-11 levels in the G and CP groups before and after initial periodontal therapy revealed that they are significantly lower in both groups after therapy (p<0.05). Conclusion: Levels of OSM, LIF, and IL-11 are higher in the G and CP groups, which indicate periodontal tissue destruction. Decreases in IL-11, OSM, and LIF levels after treatment support the idea that initial periodontal therapy can inhibit periodontal tissue destruction.