The eye-movements of good readers.

Simultaneous binocular records of the vertical and horizontal eye-movements were obtained by photographic technique for fifty students ranking in the top decile in the Iowa Silent Reading Test and the University of Iowa Qualifying Examination. Norms of seven measures of eye-movements were established on reading material moderate in difficulty and requirement of comprehension. Varying difficulties of reading material and requirements of comprehension gave significant differences in eye-movements for duration of fixation, size of fixation, and rate of reading; mode of duration and extent of forward shift remained fairly constant.