Energy-Efficient Federated Learning-enabled Digital Twin in UAV-aided Vehicular Networks

Federated learning (FL)-enabled digital twin (DT) has recently attracted research attention to bring intelligent applications. However, enabling the FL-enabled DT in vehicular networks becomes challenging due to vehicle mobility's impact on communication channels. In this regard, we propose to deploy an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a relay node to support the vehicular network. The objective is to minimize energy consumption under the trade-off with the latency and accuracy constraints of the DT model via a joint optimization of local accuracy, the local computation frequency, relay decision, and transmission power. To do so, we derive instantaneous formulas to update the accuracy and latency constraints, then solve the proposed problem using an iterative algorithm with convex optimization techniques. Numerical results show that the proposed dynamic optimization for UAV-aided vehicular networks can reduce up to 39.9% of consumption energy compared to conventional methods.