Coal-based hard carbon anode for high-performance sodium ion batteries via coal-based graphene oxide as a multi-functional binder

Coal-based hard carbon for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) was successfully prepared using Shenfu bituminous coal (SFC) by one-step pyrolysis method. In the present work, we reported a novel method to fabricate carbon electrodes for SIBs from coal-based hard carbon with coal-based graphene oxide (CGO) as a multi-functional conductive binder to realize dual functional utilization of coal. As compared to traditional binder (CMC), electrodes with the CGO binder exhibits significantly increased reversible capacity and rate capability. This work provides a facile method for coal-based carbon materials used in SIBs.