Exudate-Guided Janus Trilayer Bioelectronic Dressing for Multiplexed Sensing and Therapy of Chronic Wounds

Abstract Chronic wound treatment remains challenging because conventional dressings and systemic therapies typically lack real-time adaptability to the dynamic changes in the wound microenvironment. Here, we report a breathable self-adhesive multifunctional wound dressing based on a gradient-wettable Janus trilayer fibrous membrane, which integrates real-time biochemical sensing, on-demand drug release, and low-voltage electrical stimulation therapy simultaneously. The dressing features a vertically integrated trilayer architecture with hierarchical partitioning, where the three vertically stacked layers integrate a multiplex electrochemical sensor array (glucose, lactate, pH), a silver-sulfadiazine drug reservoir, and stimulation electrodes. Specifically, a hydrophilic sensing layer, intermediate drug-storage layer, and hydrophobic adhesivelayer are assembled to achieve spatially resolved functionalities. The membrane’s gradient wettability and asymmetric porous structure enable directional exudate transport, thereby triggering stepwise activation of sensing, drug release, and electrical stimulation in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. The dressing is thin, breathable, stretchable, self-adhesive and biocompatible, enabling conformal contact and stable signal acquisition on deformable skin without tapes. This design ensures continuous bio-signal monitoring while maintaining a favorable wound healing microenvironment. Preclinical tests demonstrate its effectiveness in promoting wound closure, reducing infection, and providing continuous wound status monitoring. This integrated system offers a promising approach for next-generation wound care and regenerative medicine.