Highly Integrated Liquid Crystal Metasurface for Dynamic and Independent Transmission‐Reflection Manipulation

Abstract The integrated control of transmitted and reflected electromagnetic (EM) waves plays a pivotal role in information processing and security. However, due to the complexity of antenna designs, most existing devices are limited to half‐space wave manipulation to ensure high‐quality transmission characteristics. Achieving dynamic and integrated control of full‐space waves remains a significant challenge, especially at the same aperture in high‐frequency applications. This paper introduces a novel liquid crystal (LC) transmission‐reflection integrated programmable metasurface (LC‐TRIPM). Based on the birefringence effect of LC, each meta‐atom can be 1bit coded to modulate the phase of both transmitted and reflected EM waves, allowing full‐space manipulation in both the near‐ and far‐fields. Dual‐layer LC structure is employed to enable the LC‐TRIPM to operate in transmission, reflection, and simultaneous transmission‐reflection modes at 94 GHz. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the reliable capability of the proposed LC‐TRIPM in transmission‐reflection integrated control. Full‐space far‐field beam scanning and near‐field dynamic focusing can all be realized by using the proposed LC‐TRIPM. This work not only offers a new strategy for integrated full‐space EM wave control but also contributes to the development of multifunctional intelligent metasurface technology.