Enhanced photocatalytic H2 production of CdS by the introduction of Cd vacancies

CdS nanoparticles with engineered Cd vacancies, optimized at a Cd : S ratio of 1 : 2, yielding a 3.4-fold increase in H 2 production (from 0.56 to 1.93 mmol g −1 h −1 ) due to suppressed electron–hole recombination and a more reduction potential.