The two-dimensional materials in multidimensional applications

• This review provides a more comprehensive review of the two-dimensional materials in multidimensional applications. • This review reviews the progress of two-dimensional materials in recent years is described from the perspective of raising and solving problems. • The material properties, application conditions and advantages of different synthesis methods are discussed. • The mechanism and main influencing factors of different two-dimensional materials in different applications are discussed, which further deepens the understanding of two-dimensional materials and enriches their practical applications. Recently, two-dimensional materials have attracted much attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and great biological potential. However, their applications in multidimensional fields such as energy storage, catalytic, tribology, adsorption, and biological applications remain scarcely reported. This may impose limitations on the development of renewable energy technologies and environmental protection, affecting the lifespan and efficiency of mechanical equipment, as well as impacting gas or water pollution treatment. Systematically, this review explores the typical structure, key properties, and multidimensional applications from graphene to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), next to transition metal oxides (TMOs) and layered double hydroxides (LDHs), as well as graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) and transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXene), finally to black phosphorus (BP). The energy storage capacity and catalytic performance of two-dimensional materials are introduced. After that, the main mechanisms of anti-friction, anti-wear and super- lubrication are summarized. Further, the adsorption capabilities and biological applications of two-dimensional materials are elaborated upon. Finally, this review examines the primary obstacles and future prospects for expanding multidimensional applications. Figure. The two -dimensional materials applied in fields of energy storage, catalytic, tribology, adsorption, and biological applications. The application progress of two-dimensional materials in energy storage, catalysis, friction, adsorption, biological applications and other fields is seldom reported. A review of the above discussion will provide more potential for attractive 2D materials and meet a variety of practical requirements, such as batteries, supercapacitors, photocatalytic and so on, as shown in Figure.