Progress in Signal Amplification and Microstructure Manufacturing for Photoelectrochemical Sensing

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing based on chemical or biological recognition has received a tremendous amount of attention in recent years, providing analytical chemists a plethora of opportunities. However, emerging techniques and unknown processes in this field remain unexplored. We summarize the recently reported PEC sensing methods. First, we briefly describe the basic principles and technical characteristics of PEC sensing. Next, we highlight the application of various materials, nucleic acids, and other strategies for amplifying PEC signals. Finally, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the realization of miniaturized equipment during PEC sensor manufacturing. Summarizing the technological advances and research breakthroughs in PEC sensing over time can help increase the quality of follow-up research.