Complications during transport of adult patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Introduction Transport on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a risky and complex procedure. Although most published data support the feasibility of interhospital transport on ECMO, data concerning intra-facility transportation and frequency and severity of complications during ECMO transport of adult patients are still scarce. The aim of this study was to assess transport arrangements and complications during intra and interhospital ECMO-supported patients transport at a high-volume ECMO center. Methods Retrospective single-center descriptive study evaluating the prevalence and severity of complications associated with the transportation of adult patients on ECMO support between 2014 and 2022 in our ECMO center. Results We performed 393 transfers of patients on ECMO support. Those comprised 206 intra-facility, 147 primary, 39 secondary and one tertiary transports. For primary and tertiary transportations, the average transfer length was 118.6 km (range 2.5–1446) and the mean total transport time was 5 h 40 min. The majority of transportations were made by ambulance (93.2%). Complications occurred in 12.7% of all transports and were more frequent in intra-facility and primary/tertiary transfers. Most complications were patient (46%) and staff related (26%). Risk category two was the most frequent (50%), and only five complications were classified as risk category 1 (10%). No deaths occurred during all patient transport. Conclusions Most transports carry minor problems that entail a negligible risk to the patient. When ECMO-supported transport is performed by an experienced team, the severe complications are not related with an increased morbimortality.