Migration Concerns of Biopolymer‐Based Food Packaging

The need for sustainable food packaging materials has led to the development of bioplastics such as starch, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). These materials have similar properties to traditional polymers but are more environmentally friendly. In food packaging, biopolymers are often combined to improve their performance. Various additives such as metal ions, metal oxides, clays, antimicrobial agents, and antioxidants have been investigated to improve the performance of biopolymers. Nanocoatings of inorganic fillers are also used to improve the aroma and gas barrier properties of packaging materials. However, the migration of additives from nanocomposites to food can cause health problems, and the release of such chemicals and nanofillers is beyond acceptable limits. Mathematical diffusion models are used to understand the release behavior of additives. This chapter of the book examines the migration of food packaging materials, particularly starch, PHA, and PLA, and the potential risks posed by migrating substances. Interactions between food and packaging materials were also analyzed to better understand migration processes.