Bioactive ZnO‐assisted 1393 glass scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation: Some studies

in pure BG is named as Z1BG, Z2BG, Z3BG, respectively) based scaffolds were prepared through sol-gel route, followed by foam replica techniques and characterized by a series of in vitro and some in vivo tests. Different cell lines like normal mouse embryonic cells (NIH/3T3), mouse bone marrow stromal cells (mBMSc), peripheral blood mononuclear cells, that is, lymphocytes and monocytes (PBMC) and U2OS (carcinogenic human osteosarcoma cells) were used in determination and comparative analysis of the biological compatibility of the BG and ZnBGs. Also, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and osteogenic gene expression by primer-specific osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes were performed to study osteogenic differentiability of the stromal cells in different BGs. Moreover, radiological and histopathological tests were performed in bone defect model of Wister rats to evaluate the in vivo bone regeneration and healing. Interestingly, these studies demonstrate augmented biological compatibility, and superior osteogenic differentiation in ZnBGs, in particular Z3BG than the pure BG in most cases.