离子液体
海水
酰亚胺
电解质
碳酸乙烯酯
电化学
材料科学
阳极
无机化学
人工海水
碳酸盐
化学工程
电极
有机化学
化学
高分子化学
冶金
催化作用
物理化学
工程类
地质学
海洋学
作者
Yong‐Il Kim,Guk‐Tae Kim,Sangsik Jeong,Xiaoming Dou,Chenxi Geng,Young‐Sik Kim,Stefano Passerini
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ensm.2018.04.028
摘要
A new electrolyte (anolyte) for the negative electrode of seawater batteries, based on the combination of two ionic liquids (ILs), a sodium salt, and a SEI-forming additive, is herein reported. The quaternary anolyte is composed of N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (0.6 mol fraction), N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide) (0.3 mol fraction), and sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (0.1 mol fraction). Ethylene carbonate (5 wt% with respect to the ILs and salt mixture) is added to promote SEI formation. The thermal, physicochemical, and electrochemical characterization of the quaternary electrolyte indicate its suitability as an anolyte, as well as the formation of a highly stable interface with the negative (hard carbon) electrode. Lab-scale seawater full cells employing a hard carbon anode and the ionic liquid-based quaternary anolyte show remarkable results in terms of capacity, cyclability, and rate capability at room temperature. Additionally, these cells showed better energy efficiency (voltage efficiency) and cyclability than those based on a conventional organic carbonate-based anolyte.
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