All-optically modulated PDVT-10/IGZO heterojunction synapses for neuromorphic applications

, "OR", "AND", "NOR", and "NAND"). This configuration yields an optical conductance tuning ratio of 8.2 and retains stable performance even after 9 months in the atmospheric environment. The light-induced mechanism can be attributed to the ionization and neutralization of oxygen vacancies within the IGZO layer. Such an all-optical synapse is further validated by integration with artificial neural networks, achieving a recognition accuracy of 97.4% in handwritten digit classification and demonstrating effective feature enhancement in image-denoising tasks. This bio-inspired design will endow machine vision systems with high biological fidelity, high energy-efficiency, and fully photonic operation.