Asymmetric charge transfer at heterointerfaces confines lattice oxygen redox for durable ampere-level water oxidation

Asymmetric charge transfer at NiFe-HS-NS confines metal oxidation to preserve the framework while activating lattice-oxygen redox. The resulting anode enables stable operation at 1 A cm −2 for over 1000 h in a 500 cm 2 AEMWE stack.