Smart Charge Buffer-Modulated Multitime Scale Chemistry for Photocatalysis

reduction is kinetically delayed to the second time scale. This dual-time scale, self-regulated charge buffering behavior enables rapid charge sequestration and demand-driven charge release, which weakens the exciton binding energy by 39.0% and markedly suppresses electron-hole recombination by 62.8%. Importantly, this time scale coordination strategy is generalizable and can be extended to diverse photocatalytic systems, establishing a universal design principle for synchronizing fast charge dynamics with slow interfacial reaction kinetics for green carbon conversion.