Monitorización remota y teleobstetricia para la prevención de la morbilidad materna severa en trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of remote monitoring, compared with usual care, in reducing severe maternal morbidity and improving intermediate outcomes in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods: A systematic review without meta-analysis was conducted and reported according to PRISMA 2020. Studies published between January 1, 2020, and December 30, 2025, were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and LILACS, in Spanish or English. Primary studies were included if they involved pregnant or postpartum women with hypertensive disorders or high risk of preeclampsia, home surveillance of blood pressure or warning signs, a usual-care comparator, and clinical or implementation outcomes. Two reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data; the synthesis was narrative. Results: Fifteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis of effectiveness. The results indicated greater postpartum usefulness for timely recording of blood pressure readings, follow-up, and therapeutic adjustment. Antenatal trials did not identify a clear advantage in early diagnosis or blood pressure control. Severe maternal morbidity was reported heterogeneously; complementary data on acceptability, feasibility, equity, and economic sustainability were also described. Conclusions: Remote monitoring may strengthen surveillance and continuity of care, but it did not demonstrate a conclusive reduction in severe maternal morbidity. Standardized outcomes, validated devices, and assessments of equity, healthcare workload, cost-effectiveness, and cardiovascular follow-up are needed.