The influence of formation temperature on the solid electrolyte interphase of graphite in lithium ion batteries

Lithium-ion battery has greatly changed our lifestyle and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) covered on the graphite anode determines the service life of a battery. The formation method and the formation temperature at initial cycle of a battery determine the feature of the SEI. Herein, we investigate the gap of formation behavior in both a half cell (graphite matches with lithium anode) and a full cell (graphite matches with NCM, short for LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2) at different temperatures. We conclude that high temperature causes severe side reactions and low temperature will result in low ionic conductive SEI layer, the interface formed at room temperature owns the best ionic conductivity and stability.