Surface Characterization of Textiles for Optimization of Functional Polymeric Nano-Capsule Attachment

Abstract Surface properties of textiles play an essential role in their functionalization with micro/nanometer-sized polymeric capsules containing active agents that can provide controlled release. The attached capsules provide additional functionalities such as deodorizing, anti-microbial, or insect repellant properties. The efficiency of capsule attachment depends on the interaction between the selected textile material and the type of capsules. In this study, surface characteristics of the textiles were modified systematically to enhance the attachment of polyethyleneglycol based polymeric capsules. In the first phase of textile selection, four different textile materials, composed of 100% single fiber, were analyzed. Among the analyzed textile samples, cotton and polyester blends were investigated in detail due to their higher hydrophobicity, less negative zeta potential after treatment with finishing solution and broad applicability in sports outfits. In the second phase, statistical design of experiment (DoE) approach was used to have a deeper understanding of the processing factors such as the silicon (hydrophobic component) concentration in the finishing solution and the cotton/polyester blend ratio. An optimal textile was designed based on maximizing the capsule attachment on the cotton fibers woven on top and polyester at the bottom for providing strength and ease of ironing. The selected blend, treated with the required silicon concentration in the finishing solution, retained the highest amount of polymeric capsules containing eucalyptus oil for tick/insect repellency.