[Effective prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents].

Myopia prevention and control is an important health issue related to children and adolescents, general public physical fitness and national defense security. In 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping gave instructions on students' myopia. Ministry of Education and other seven ministries and commissions issued the Implementation Plan of the Myopia Prevention and Control for Children and Adolescents. As the myopia prevalence continues to develop into an urgent situation, myopia prevention and control has become a national strategy. In the battle fighting against prevalent myopia, medical and scientific researchers, as professionals, play a key role in guiding the effective implementation of the project and coordinating among five parties including government, schools, medical institutions, families and individual students. It is of great significance to effectively prevent and control myopia for children and adolescents and to achieve the overall goal of prevention and control. This article summarizes the potential effective methods in myopia prevention and control, hoping to provide useful reference and help for the national prevention and control work. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55: 81-85).近视眼防控是关系儿童青少年眼健康、国民身体素质和国家安全的重要健康问题。2018年，习近平总书记就儿童青少年近视眼问题做出重要批示，教育部等八部委发布《综合防控儿童青少年近视实施方案》，近视眼防控上升为国家战略。我国儿童青少年近视眼防控形势严峻紧迫，近期首先应做好近视眼的本底数据和基线普查工作。医疗机构、医务工作者在政府、学校、医疗机构、家庭、学生个人五方协同的近视眼防控系统性工程中发挥关键的专业指导作用，对于切实做好儿童青少年近视眼防控，实现总体防控目标具有重要意义。本文还将对近视眼防控工作中教医协同、突出学校主体责任、对应采取科学有效的防控方法和手段进行梳理，期望为全国的儿童青少年近视眼防控工作提供有益的借鉴和帮助。（中华眼科杂志，2019，55：81-85）.