Measurement Methods for Droplet Adhesion Characteristics and Micrometer-Scale Quantification of Contact Angle on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Challenges and Opportunities

Inspired by nature, superhydrophobic surfaces have been widely studied. Usually the wettability of a superhydrophobic surface is quantified by the macroscopic contact angle. However, this method has various limitations, especially for precision micro devices with superhydrophobic surfaces, such as biomimetic artificial compound eyes and biomimetic water strider robots. These precision micro devices with superhydrophobic surfaces proposed a higher demand for the quantification of contact angles, requiring contact angle quantification technology to have micrometer-scale measurement capabilities. In this review, it is proposed to achieve micrometer-scale quantification of superhydrophobic surface contact angles through droplet adhesion characteristics (adhesion force and contact radius). Existing contact angle quantification techniques and droplet characteristics' measurement methods were described in detail. The advancement of micrometer-scale quantification technology for the contact angle of superhydrophobic surfaces will enhance our understanding of superhydrophobic surfaces.