Synthesis of diclofenac/arabinose co-crystal, single crystal characterization and in vitro biological activities

Co-crystallization is an effective strategy that improves therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. This research work was conducted to prepare co-crystal of Diclofenac (DCF) and Arabinose (ARB) using solvent evaporation method. The resultant co-crystal was further characterized by various techniques such as Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). The SCXRD revealed DCF and ARB found in 2:1 stoichiometric ratio along with loosely held water molecules. Numerous interactions like H-bonding and the Van der Waals forces provide stability to crystals. The diffractogram of bulk material and simulated X-ray diffractogram showed resemblance, which reflect their purity. FTIR and DSC analyses of the co-crystal also suggest the existence of interaction between DCF and ARB. The given co-crystal depicted enhanced anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities; thus, it is more effective agent for therapeutic applications. • The co-crystal of diclofenac and arabinose were prepared via solvent evaporation method. • The fabricated co-crystal was characterized by FTIR, DSC, powder X-ray diffraction and single crystal X-ray diffraction. • Numerous interactions like H-bonding and the Van der Waals forces provide stability to crystals. • The fabricated co-crystals exhibited enhanced anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities than parental components.