Targeting neuroinflammation in distal symmetrical polyneuropathy in diabetes

Diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy is the most common type of peripheral neuropathy complication of diabetes mellitus. Neuroinflammation is emerging as an important contributor to diabetes-induced neuropathy. Long-term hyperglycemia results in increased production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs interact with their receptors to activate intracellular signaling, leading to the release of various inflammatory cytokines. Increased release of inflammatory cytokines is associated with diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, and neuropathic pain. Thus, anti-inflammatory intervention is a potential therapy for diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy. Further characterization of inflammatory mechanisms might identify novel therapeutic targets to mitigate diabetic neuropathy.