Isolation and Characterization of Human Health-Concerned Bacteria from the Musca Domestica in Urban Environments of Districts Rawalpindi and Chakwal, Pakistan

Objective: To explore and characterize the microbial fauna associated with the houseflies under different environments.Study Design: Cross-sectional Study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Health Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, from July 2022 to December 2022.Materials and Methods: The 50 samples per location were taken from the urban environment of Rawalpindi and Chakwal districts. Then the species of bacteria were isolated for Biochemical and Molecular characters for the most prevalent bacterial species. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was also done for identified species.Results: The biochemical analysis gave significant results regarding the Proteus and Staphylococcus species. Then the phylogenetic analysis of isolated strains showed their close association with Proteus mirabilis in the case of R1_785 and with Proteus Vulgaris and Staphylococcus Xylosus. The identified strains, after the antibiotic sensitivity testing identified to be the most resistant ones moreover, their phylogenetic history showed that they diverged independently as per their evolutionary analysis.Conclusion: The Staphylococcus Xylosus susceptibility was highly resistant against Gentamycin and least resistant against Imipenem and Tazobactam. These findings suggest houseflies' potential role in transmitting pathogenic bacteria with antibiotic resistance in households.